Spontaneous Cerebral Hemorrhage

1. Benveniste H, Kim KR, Hedlund LW, Kim JW, Friedman AH: Cerebral hemorrhage and edema following brain biopsy in rats: significance of mean arterial blood pressure. J. Neurosurg 92:100-7, 2000.

2. Broderick JP, Brott TG, Duldner JE, Tomsick T, Huster G: Volume of intracerebral hemorrhage: a powerful and easy-to-use predictor of 30-day mortality. Stroke 24:987-93, 1993.

3. Broderick JP, Brott TG, Tomsick T, Huster G, Miller R: The risk of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in blacks compared with whites. N Engl J Med 326:733-6, 1992.

4. Broderick JP, Brott TG, Tomsick T, Miller R, Huster G: Intracerebral hemorrhage more than twice as common as subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 78:188-91, 1993.

5. Bullock R, Brock-Utne J, van Dellen J, Blake G: Intracerebral hemorrhage in a primate model: effect on regional cerebral blood flow. Surg Neurol 29:101-7, 1988.

6. Castillo J, Davalos A, Alvarez-Sabin J, Pumar JM, Leira R, Silva Y, Montaner J, Kase CS: Molecular signatures of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 26;58(4):624-9, 2002.

7. Chung E, Bodensteiner J, Hogg JP: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a very delayed effect of radiation therapy. J Child Neurol 7:259-63, 1992.

8. Darverat P, Castel JP, Dartigues JF, Orgogozo JM: Death and functional outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective study of 166 cases using multivariate analysis. Stroke 22:1-6, 1991.

9. de Tezanos Pinto M, Fernandez J, Perez Bianco PR: Update of 156 episodes of central nervous system bleeding in haemophiliacs. Haemostasis 22:259-67, 1992.

+10. del Zoppo GJ, Mori E: Hematologic causes of intracerebral hemorrhage and their treatment. Neurosurg Clin N Amer 3:637-58, 1992.

11. Dias MS, Sekhar LN: Intracranial hemorrhage from aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations during pregnancy and the puerperium. Neurosurgery 27:855-66, 1990.

12. Dickinson CJ: Why are strokes related to hypertension? Classic studies and hypotheses revisited. J Hypertens 19(9):1515-21, 2001.

+13. Diringer MN: Intracerebral hemorrhage: pathophysiology and management. Crit Care Med 21:1591-603, 1993.

14. Drislane FW, Wang AM: Multifocal cerebral hemorrhage in eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia. J Neurol 244:194-8, 1997.

15. Ernestus RI, Schröder R, Klug N: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage from an unsuspected ependymoma in early infancy. Child's Nerv Syst 8:357-360, 1992.

+16. Feldman E: Intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 22:684-91, 1991.

17. Fernandes HM, Mendelow AD: Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: a surgical dilemma. Br J Neurosurg 13:389-94, 1999.

18. Fogelholm R, Avikainen S, Murros K: Prognostic value and determinants of first-day mean arterial pressure in spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 28:1396-400, 1997.

19. Franke CL, van Swieten JC, Algra A, van Gijn J: Prognostic factors in patients with intracerebral haematoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 55:653-7, 1992.

20. Fujii Y, Tanaka R, Takeuichi S, Koike T, Minakawa T, Sasaki O: Hematoma enlargement in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 80:51-7, 1994.

21. Gebel JM Jr, Jauch EC, Brott TG, Khoury J, Sauerbeck L, Salisbury S, Spilker J, Tomsick TA, Duldner J, Broderick JP: Natural history of perihematomal edema in patients with hyperacute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 33(11):2631-5, 2002.

22. Gebel JM Jr, Jauch EC, Brott TG, Khoury J, Sauerbeck L, Salisbury S, Spilker J, Tomsick TA, Duldner J, Broderick JP: Relative edema volume is a predictor of outcome in patients with hyperacute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 33(11):2636-41, 2002.

23. Gonzalez-Duarte A, Cantu C, Ruiz-Sandoval JL, Barinagarrementeria F: Recurrent primary cerebral hemorrhage: frequency, mechanisms, and prognosis. Stroke 29:1802-5, 1998.

24. Gopinath SP, Robertson CS, Grossman RG, Chance B: Near-infrared spectroscopic localization of intracranial hematomas. J Neurosurg 79:43-7, 1993.

+25. Heiskanen O: Treatment of spontaneous intracerebral and intracerebellar hemorrhages. Stroke 24(supp I):I-94-5, 1993.

26. Hill MD, Silver FL, Austin PC, Tu JV: Rate of stroke recurrence in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 31:123-7, 2000.

27. Juvela S: Prevalence of risk factors in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Arch Neurol 53:734-40, 1996.

28. Juvela S: Risk factors for impaired outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Arch Neurol 52:1193-200, 1995.

29. Juvela S, Hillbom M, Palomaki H: Risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 26:1558-64, 1995.

30. Kaplan SS, Lauryssen C: Cerebellar haemorrhage after evacuation of an acute supratentorial subdural haematoma. Br J Neurosurg 13:329-31, 1999.

+31. Kaufman HH: Treatment of deep spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages. A review. Stroke 24(supp I):I-101-6, 1993.

32. Kazui S, Naritomi H, Yamamoto H, Sawada T, Yamaguchi T: Enlargement of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Incidence and time course. Stroke 27:1783-7, 1996.

33. Klungel OH, Kaplan RC, Heckbert SR, Smith NL, Lemaitre RN, Longstreth WT Jr, Leufkens HG, de Boer A, Psaty BM: Control of blood pressure and risk of stroke among pharmacologically treated hypertensive patients. Stroke 31:420-4, 2000.

34. Lapointe M, Haines S: Fibrinolytic therapy for intraventricular hemorrhage in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD003692, 2002.

35. Levine SR, Brust JCM, Futrell N, Ho KL, Blake D, Millikan CH, Brass LM, Fayad P, Schultz LR, Selwa JF, Welch KMA: Cerebrovascular complications of the use of the "crack" form of alkaloidal cocaine. N Eng J Med 323-699-704, 1990.

36. Mast H, Young WL, Koennecke HC, Sciacca RR, Osipov A, Pile-Spellman J, Hacein-Bey L, Duong H, Stein BM, Mohr JP: Risk of spontaneous haemorrhage after diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Lancet 350:1065-8, 1997.

37. McCabe DJ, Brown MM, Clifton A: Fatal cerebral reperfusion hemorrhage after carotid stenting. Stroke 30:2483-6, 1999.

38. Mendelow AD: Mechanisms of ischemic brain damage with intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 24 (supp 1):I-115-7, 1993.

39. Mendelow AD: Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 54:193-5, 1991.

40. Mocharla R, Schexnayder SM, Glasier CM: Fatal cerebral edema and intracranial hemorrhage associated with hypernatremic dehydration. Pediatr Radiol 27:785-7, 1997.

41. Nelson MD Jr, Maeder MA, Usner D, Mitchell WG, Fenstermacher MJ, Wilson DA, Gomperts ED: Prevalence and incidence of intracranial haemorrhage in a population of children with haemophilia. The Hemophilia Growth and Development Study. Haemophilia 5:306-12, 1999.

42. Niizuma H, Suzuki J, Yonemitsu T, Otsuki T: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and liver dysfunction. Stroke 19:852-6, 1988.

43. O'Donnell HC, Rosand J, Knudsen KA, Furie KL, Segal AZ, Chiu RI, Ikeda D, Greenberg SM: Apolipoprotein E genotype and the risk of recurrent lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 342:240-5, 2000.

44. Perry HM Jr, Davis BR, Price TR, Applegate WB, Fields WS, Guralnik JM, Kuller L, Pressel S, Stamler J, Probstfield JL: Effect of treating isolated systolic hypertension on the risk of developing various types and subtypes of stroke: the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 284:465-71, 2000.

45. Qureshi AI, Safdar K, Weil J, Barch C, Bliwise DL, Colohan AR, Mackay B, Frankel MR: Predictors of early deterioration and mortality in black Americans with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 26:1764-7, 1995.

+46. Qureshi AI, Tuhrim S, Broderick JP, Batjer HH, Hondo H, Hanley DF: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 10;344(19):1450-60, 2001.

47. Rapana A, Lamaida E, Pizza V: Multiple postoperative intracerebral haematomas remote from the site of craniotomy. Br J Neurosurg 12:364-8, 1998.

48. Reigel MM, Hollier LH, Sundt TM Jr, Piepgras DG, Sharbrough FW, Cherry KJ: Cerebral hyperfusion syndrome: a cause of neurologic dysfunction after carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 5:628-34, 1987.

49. Reith HB, Edelmann M, Reith C: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage following carotid endarterectomy. Experience of 328 operations from 1983-1988. Int Surg 77:224-5, 1992.

50. Rosenow F, Hojer C, Meyer-Lohmann C, Hilgers RD, Muhlhofer H, Kleindienst A, Owega A, Koning W, Heiss WD: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Prognostic factors in 896 cases. Acta Neurol Scand 96:174-82, 1997.

51. Siddique MS, Mendelow AD: Surgical treatment of intracerebral haemorrhage. Br Med Bull 56(2):444-56, 2000.

52. Sjoblom L, Hardemark HG, Lindgren A, Norrving B, Fahlen M, Samuelsson M, Stigendal L, Stockelberg D, Taghavi A, Wallrup L, Wallvik J: Management and prognostic features of intracerebral hemorrhage during anticoagulant therapy: a Swedish multicenter study. Stroke 32(11):2567-74, 2001.

53. Smeda JS, VanVliet BN, King SR: Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats lose their ability to auto-regulate cerebral blood flow prior to stroke. J Hypertens 17:1697-705, 1999.

54. Stapf C, Mohr JP, Theallier-Janko A, Mast H: Cerebral hemorrhage after systemic fibrinolysis in a patient with severe carotid artery stenosis. Acta Neurol Scand 100:407-10, 1999.

55. Wijdicks EF, Fulgham JR: Acute fatal deterioration in putaminal hemorrhage. Stroke 26:1953-5, 1995.

56. Zhu XL, Chan MS, Poon WS: Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage: which patients need diagnostic cerebral angiography? A prospective study of 206 cases and review of the literature. Stroke 28:1406-9, 1997.