General

1. Archer DP, Labrecque P, Tyler JL, Meyer E, Trop D: Cerebral blood volume is increased in dogs during administration of nitrous oxide or isoflurane. Anesthesiology 67:642-648, 1987.

2. Artru AA, Katz RA: Cerebral blood volume and CSF pressure following administration of ketamine in dogs: Modification by pre- or posttreatment with hypocapnia or diazepam. J Neurosurg Anesth 1:8-15, 1989.

3. Artru AA: Relationship between cerebral blood volume and CSF pressure during anesthesia with halothane or enflurane in dogs. Anesthesiology 58:533-539, 1983.

4. Artru AA: Relationship between cerebral blood volume and CSF pressure during anesthesia with isoflurane or fentanyl in dogs. Anesthesiology 60:575-579, 1984.

5. Artru AA: Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid pressure by hypocapnia: changes in cerebral blood volume, cerebrospinal fluid volume, and brain tissue water and electrolytes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 7:471-479, 1987.

+ 6. Artru AA: Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid pressure by hypocapnia: changes in cerebral blood volume, cerebrospinal fluid volume and brain tissue water and electrolytes. II. Effects of anesthetics. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 8:750-756, 1988.

* 7. Barie PS, Ghajar JB, Firlik AD, Chang VA, Hariri RJ: Contribution of increased cerebral blood volume to posttraumatic intracranial hypertension. J Trauma 35:88-95, 1993.

* 8. Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP: Cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and cerebrovascular reactivity after severe head injury. J Neurotrauma 9:S333-S348, 1992.

9. Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP, Fatouros P: Pathogenesis of traumatic brain swelling: role of cerebral blood volume. Acta Neurochir Suppl 71: 272-5, 1998.

10. Brazy JE, Lewis DV: Changes in cerebral blood volume and cytochrome aa3 during hypertensive peaks in preterm infants. J Pediatr 108:983-987, 1986.

11. Brooks DJ, Beaney RP, Leenders KL, Marshall J, Thomas DJ, Jones T: Regional cerebral oxygen utilization, blood flow, and blood volume in benign intracranial hypertension studied by positron emission tomography. Neurology 35:1030-1034, 1985.

12. Cenic A, Craen RA, Howard-Lech VL, Lee TY, Gelb AW: Cerebral blood volume and blood flow at varying arterial carbon dioxide tension levels in rabbits during propofol anesthesia. Anesth Analg 90:1376-1383, 2000.

13. Cenic A, Craen RA, Lee TY, Gelb AW: Cerebral blood volume and blood flow responses to hyperventilation in brain tumors during isoflurane or propofol anesthesia. Anesth Analg 94:661-666, 2002.

14. Derlon JM, Bouvard G, Lechevalier B, Dupuy B, Maiza D, Hubert P, Courtheoux P, Peres JC, Houtteville JP: Hemodynamic study of internal carotid artery stenosis and occlusion: value of combined isotopic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow and blood volume. Ann Vasc Surg 1:86-97, 1986.

15. de Waal EE, de Vries JW, Kruitwagen CL, Kalkman CJ: The effects of low-pressure carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on cerebral oxygenation and cerebral blood volume in children. Anesth Analg 94:500-505, 2002.

16. Fortune JB, Feustel PJ, deLuna C, Graca L, Hasselbarth J, Kupinski AM: Cerebral blood flow and blood volume in response to O2 and CO2 changes in normal humans. J Trauma 39:463-471, 1995.

17. Garnett MR, Blamire AM, Corkill RG, Rajagopalan B, Young JD, Cadoux-Hudson TA, Styles P: Abnormal cerebral blood volume in regions of contused and normal appearing brain following traumatic brain injury using perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurotrauma 18:585-593, 2001.

18. Hayashi M, Kobayashi H, Handa Y, Kawano H, Kabuto M: Brain blood volume and blood flow in patients with plateau waves. J Neurosurg 63:556-561, 1985.

19. Kaufman MJ, Levin JM, Maas LC, Rose SL, Lukas SE, Mendelson JH, Cohen BM, Renshaw PF: Cocaine decreases relative cerebral blood volume in humans: a dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 138: 76-81, 1998.

20. Kobari M, Gotoh F, Tomita M, Tanahashi N, Sinohara T, Terayama Y, Mihara B: Bilateral hemispheric reduction of cerebral blood volume and blood flow immediately after experimental cerebral hemorrhage in cats. Stroke 19:991-996, 1988.

21. Kolbitsch C, Lorenz IH, Hormann C, Kremser C, Schocke M, Felber S, Moser PL, Hinteregger M, Pfeiffer KP, Benzer A: Sevoflurane and nitrous oxide increase regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in a drug-specific manner in human volunteers. Magn Reson Imaging 19:1253-1260, 2001.

22. Kolbitsch C, Lorenz IH, Hormann C, Schocke M, Kremser C, Zschiegner F, Felber S, Benzer A: The impact of increased mean airway pressure on contrast-enhanced MRI measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), regional mean transit time (rMTT), and regional cerebrovascular resistance (rCVR) in human volunteers. Hum Brain Mapp 11:214-222, 2000.

23. Kolbitsch C, Lorenz IH, Hormann C, Schocke M, Kremser C, Zschiegner F, Lockinger A, Pfeiffer KP, Felber S, Benzer A: A subanesthetic concentration of sevoflurane increases regional cerebral blood flow and regional cerebral blood volume and decreases regional mean transit time and regional cerebrovascular resistance in volunteers. Anesth Analg 91:156-162, 2000.

24. Kuhl DE, Alavi A, Hoffman EJ, Phelps ME, Zimmerman RA, Obrist WD, Bruce DA, Greenberg JH, Uzzell B: Local cerebral blood volume in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 52:309-320, 1980.

25. Lorenz IH, Kolbitsch C, Hormann C, Luger TJ, Schocke M, Felber S, Zschiegner F, Hinteregger M, Kremser C, Benzer A: Influence of equianaesthetic concentrations of nitrous oxide and isoflurane on regional cerebral blood flow, regional cerebral blood volume, and regional mean transit time in human volunteers. Br J Anaesth 87:691-698, 2001.

26. Lorenz IH, Kolbitsch C, Hormann C, Schocke M, Felber S, Zschiegner F, Hinteregger M, Kremser C, Pfeiffer KP, Benzer A: Subanesthetic concentration of sevoflurane increases regional cerebral blood flow more, but regional cerebral blood volume less, than subanesthetic conentration of isoflurane in human volunteers. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 13:288-295, 2001.

27. Lorenz IH, Kolbitsch C, Hormann C, Schocke M, Zschiegner F, Felber S, Benzer A: The effects of remifentanil on cerebral capacity in awake volunteers. Anesth Analg 90:609-613, 2000.

28. Lorenz IH, Kolbitsch C, Schocke M, Kremser C, Zschiegner F, Hinteregger M, Felber S, Hormann C, Benzer A: Low-dose remifentanil increases regional cerebral blood flow and regional cerebral blood volume, but decreases regional mean transit time and regional cerebrovascular resistance in volunteers. Br J Anaesth 85:199-204, 2000.

29. Lovell AT, Marshall AC, Elwell CE, Smith M, Goldstone JC: Changes in cerebral blood volume with changes in position in awake and anesthetized subjects. Anesth Analg 90: 372-376, 2000.

30. Marmarou A, Fatouros PP, Barzo P, Portella G, Yoshihara M, Tsuji O, Yamamoto T, Laine F, Signoretti S, Ward JD, Bullock MR, Young HF: Contribution of edema and cerebral blood volume to traumatic brain swelling in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 93:183-193, 2000.

31. Martin WRW, Baker RP, Grubb RL, Raichle ME: Cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and oxygen metabolism in cerebral ischaemia and subarachnoid haemorrhage: an in-vivo study using positron emission tomography. Acta Neurochir 70:3-9, 1984.

32. Ravussin P, Archer DP, Meyer E, Abou-Madi M, Yamamoto L, Trop D: The effects of rapid infusions of saline and mannitol on cerebral blood volume and intracranial pressure in dogs. Can Anaesth Soc J 32:506-515, 1985.

33. Ravussin P, Archer DP, Tyler JL, Meyer E, Abou-Madi M, Diksic M, Yamamoto L, Trop D: Effects of rapid mannitol infusion on cerebral blood volume. J Neurosurg 64:104-113, 1986.

34. Ravussin P, Abou-Madi M, Archer D, Chiolero R, Freeman J, Trop D, De Tribolet N: Changes in CSF pressure after mannitol in patients with and without elevated CSF pressure. J Neurosurg 69:869-876, 1988.

35. Reinstrup P, Ryding E, Ohlsson T, Dahm PL, Uski T: Cerebral blood volume (CBV) in humans during normo- and hypocapnia: influence of nitrous oxide (N(2)O). Anesthesiology 95:1079-1082, 2001.

*36. Skov L, Hellström-Westas L, Jacobsen T, Greisen G, Svenningsen NW: Acute changes in cerebral oxygenation and cerebral blood volume in preterm infants during surfactant treatment. Neuropediatrics 23:126-130, 1992.

37. Takagi Y, Hashimoto N, Iwama T, Hayashida K: Improvement of oxygen metabolic reserve after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery in patients with severe haemodynamic insufficiency. Acta Neurochir Wien 139:52-56, 1997.

38. ter-Minassian A, Beydon L, Decq P, Bonnet F: Changes in cerebral hemodynamics after a single dose of clonidine in severely head-injured patients. Anesth Analg 84:127-132, 1997.

*39. Todd MM, Weeks J: Comparative effects of propofol, pentobarbital, and isoflurane on cerebral blood flow and blood volume. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 8:296-303, 1996.

40. Todd MM, Weeks JB, Warner DS: The influence of intravascular expansion on cerebral blood flow and blood volume in normal rats. Anesthesiology 78:945-953, 1993.

*41. Ursino M, Lodi CA, Rossi S, Stocchetti N: Intracranial pressure dynamics in patients with acute brain damage. J Appl Physiol 82:1270-1282, 1997.

42. Weeks JB, Todd MM, Warner DS, Katz J: The influence of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital on cerebral plasma volume in hypocapnic and normocapnic rats. Anesthesiology 73:461-466, 1990.

43. Zaharchuk G, Mandeville JB, Bogdanov AA, Jr., Weissleder R, Rosen BR, Marota JJ: Cerebrovascular dynamics of autoregulation and hypoperfusion. An MRI study of CBF and changes in total and microvascular cerebral blood volume during hemorrhagic hypotension. Stroke 30: 2197-204; discussion 2204-5, 1999.

Measurement Techniques

1. Aizawa S, Sako K, Yonemasu Y: Measurement of cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and cerebral capillary permeability in gliomabearing rats. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 30:113-118, 1990.

2. Aronen HJ, Glass J, Pardo FS, Belliveau JW, Gruber ML, Buchbinder BR, Gazit IE, Linggood RM, Fischman AJ, Rosen BR: Echo-planar MR cerebral blood volume mapping of gliomas. Clinical utility. Acta Radiol 36:520-528, 1995.

*3. Dean BL, Lee C, Kirsch JE, Runge VM, Dempsey RM, Pettigrew LC: Cerebral hemodynamics and cerebral blood volume: MR assessment using gadolinium contrast agents and T1-weighted Turbo-FLASH imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 13:39-48, 1992.

4. Fayad PB, Brass LM: Single photon emission computed tomography in cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 22:950-954, 1991.

5. Giulioni M, Ursino M: Impact of cerebral perfusion pressure and autoregulation on intracranial dynamics: a modeling study. Neurosurgery 39:1005-1014, 1996.

6. Gronlund J, Jalonen J, Valimaki I: Transcephalic electrical impedance provides a means for quantifying pulsatile cerebral blood volume changes following head-up tilt. Early Hum Dev 47:11-18, 1997.

*7. Gupta AK, Menon DK, Czosnyka M, Smielewski P, Kirkpatrick PJ, Jones JG: Non-invasive measurement of cerebral blood volume in volunteers. Br J Anaesth 78:39-43, 1997.

8. Hopton P, Walsh TS, Lee A: Measurement of cerebral blood volume using near-infrared spectroscopy and indocyanine green elimination. J Appl Physiol 87: 1981-7, 1999.

9. Howard-Lech VL, Lee TY, Craen RA, Gelb AW: Cerebral blood volume measurements using dynamic contrast-enhanced x- ray computed tomography: application to isoflurane anaesthetic studies. Physiol Meas 20: 75-86, 1999.

+10. Martin WRW, Powers WJ, Raichle ME: Cerebral blood volume measured with inhaled C150 and positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 7:421-426, 1987.

11. Payen JF, Vath A, Koenigsberg B, Bourlier V, Decorps M: Regional cerebral plasma volume response to carbon dioxide using magnetic resonance imaging. Anesthesiology 88: 984-92, 1998.

12. Petrella JR, DeCarli C, Dagli M, Duyn JH, Grandin CB, Frank JA, Hoffman EA, Theodore WH: Assessment of whole-brain vasodilatory capacity with acetazolamide challenge at 1.5 T using dynamic contrast imaging with frequency-shifted burst. Am J Neuroradiol 18:1153-1161, 1997.

13. Phelps ME, Huang SC, Hoffman EJ, Kuhl DE: Validation of tomographic measurement of cerebral blood volume with C-11-labeled carboxyhemoglobin. J Nuclear Med 20:328-334, 1979.

14. Sabatini V, Celsis P, Viallard G, Rascol A, Marc-Vergnes J-P: Quantitative assessment of cerebral blood volume by single-photon emission computed tomography. Stroke 22:234-330, 1991.

15. Schroder ML, Muizelaar JP, Bullock MR, Salvant JB, Povlishock JT: Focal ischemia due to traumatic contusions documented by stable xenon-CT and ultrastructural studies. J Neurosurg 82:966-971, 1995.

16. Shockley RP, LaManna JC: Determination of rat cerebral cortical blood volume changes by capillary mean transit time analysis during hypoxia, hypercapnia and hyperventilation. Brain Res 454:170-178, 1988.

17. Ulatowski JA, Oja JM, Suarez JI, Kauppinen RA, Traystman RJ, van Zijl PC: In vivo determination of absolute cerebral blood volume using hemoglobin as a natural contrast agent: an MRI study using altered arterial carbon dioxide tension. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 19: 809-17, 1999.

18. Ursino M, DiGiammarco P: A mathematical model of the relationship between cerebral blood volume and intracranial pressure changes: the generation of plateau waves. Ann Biomed Eng 19:15-42, 1991.

*19. Vlasenko A, Petit-Taboue MC, Bouvard G, Morello R, Derlon JM: Compartive quantitation of cerebral blood volume: SPECT versus PET. J Nucl Med 38:919-924, 1997.

20. Wyatt JS, Cope M, Deply DT, Richardson CE, Edwards AD, Wray S, Reynolds EOR: Quantitation of cerebral blood volume in human infants by near-infrared spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol 68:1086-1091, 1990.