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SECURING THE AIRWAY AND CERVICAL SPINE PATHOLOGY


Compiled by Richard J. Sperry, M.D., Ph.D.
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
 
1. Abramson PJ, Todd NW, Holt PJ, Allen AT, Hayden GB: Neck flexion and extension in children with Down syndrome: a somatosensory study. Laryngoscope 105:1209-1212, 1995.
 
2. Aprahamian C, Thompson BM, Finger WA, Darin JC: Experimental cervical spine injury model: evaluation of airway management and splinting techniques. Ann Emerg Med 13:584-587, 1984.
 
3. Aro L, Takki S, Aromaa U: Technique for difficult intubation. Br J Anaesth 43:1081-1083, 1971.
 
4. Aufderheide TP, Aprahamian C, Mateer JR, Rudnick E, Manchester EM, Lawrence SW, Olson DW, Hargarten SW: Emergency airway management in hanging victims. Ann Emerg Med 24:879-884, 1994.
 
5. Barriot P, Riou B: Retrograde technique for tracheal intubation in trauma patients. Crit Care Med 16:712-713, 1988.
 
6. Bivins HG, Ford S, Bezmalinovic Z, Price HM, Williams JL: The effect of axial traction during orotracheal intubation of the trauma victim with an unstable cervical spine. Ann Emerg Med 17:25-29, 1988.
 
7. Broom MJ, Raycroft JF: Complications of fractures of the cervical spine in ankylosing spondylitis. Spine 13:763-766, 1988.
 
8. Calder I, Calder J, Crockard HA: Difficult direct laryngoscopy in patients with cervical spine disease. Anaesthesia 50:756-763, 1995.
 
9. Colachis SC, Strohm BR, Ganter EL: Cervical spine motion in normal women: radiographic study of effect of cervical collars. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 54:161-169, 1973.
 
10. Criswell JC, Parr MJ, Nolan JP: Emergency airway management in patients with cervical spine injuries. Anaesthesia 49:900-903, 1994.
 
+11. Crosby ET, Lui A: The adult cervical spine: implications for airway management. Can J Anaesth 37:77-93, 1990.
 
*12. Donaldson WF 3rd, Towers JD, Doctor A, Brand A, Donaldson VP: A methodology to evaluate motion of the unstable spine during intubation techniques. Spine 18:2020-2023, 1993.
 
13. Donaldson WF 3rd, Heil BV, Donaldson VP, Silvaggio VJ: The effect of airway maneuvers on the unstable C1-C2 segment.  A cadaver study. Spine 22:1215-1218, 1997.
 
14. Fitzgerald RD, Krafft P, Skrbensky G, Pernerstorfer T, Steiner E, Kapral S, Weinstabl C. Excursions of the cervical spine during tracheal intubation: blind oral intubation compared with direct laryngoscopy. Anaesthesia 49:111-115, 1994.
 
15. Gajraj NM, Chason DP, Shearer VE: Cervical spine movement during orotracheal intubation: comparison of the Belscope and Macintosh blades. Anaesthesia 49:772-774, 1994.
 
+16. Hastings RH, Marks JD: Airway management for trauma patients with potential cervical spine injuries. Anesth Analg 73:471-482, 1991.
 
*17. Heath KJ: The effect on laryngoscopy of different cervical spine immobilisation techniques. Anaesthesia 49:843-845, 1994.
 
18. Kihara S, Watanabe S, Brimacombe J, Taguchi N, Yaguchi Y, Yamasaki Y: Segmental cervical spine movement with the intubating laryngeal mask during manual in-line stabilization in patients with cervical pathology undergoing cervical spine surgery.  Anesth Analg 2000; 91:195-200.
 
19. Kobel M, Creighton RE, Steward DJ: Anaesthetic considerations in Down's syndrome: experience with 100 patients and a review of the literature. Can Anaesth Soc J 29:593-599, 1982.
 
20. Lechman MJ, Donahoo JS, Macvaugh H: Endotracheal intubation using percutaneous retrograde guidewire insertion followed by antegrade fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Crit Care Med 14:589-590, 1986.
 
21. Lennarson PJ, Smith DW, Sawin PD, Todd MM, Sato Y, Traynelis VC: Cervical spinal motion during intubation: efficacy of stabilization maneuvers in the setting of complete segmental instability.  J Neurosurg 2001; 94:265-70.
 
22. Lennarson PJ, Smith D, Todd MM, Carras D, Sawin PD, Brayton J, Sata Y, Traynelis VC: Segmental cervical spine motion during orotracheal intubation of the intact and injured spine with and without external stabilization. J Neurosurg 92:201-206, 2000.
 
23. Majernick TG, Bieniek R, Houston JB, Hughes HG: Cervical spine movement during orotracheal intubation. Ann Emerg Med 15:417-420, 1986.
 
24. McNamara RM: Retrograde intubation of the trachea. Ann Emerg Med 16:680-682, 1987.
 
25. Muckart DJ, Bhagwanjee S, van der Merwe R: Spinal cord injury as a result of endotracheal intubation in patients with undiagnosed cervical spine fractures. Anesthesiology 87:418-420, 1997.
 
*26. Podolsky S, Baraff LJ, Simon RR, Hoffman JR, Larmon B, Albon W: Efficacy of cervical spine immobilization methods. J Trauma 23:461-465, 1983.
 
27. Pueschel SM, Scola FH: Atlantoaxial instability in individuals with Down syndrome: epidemiologic, radiographic, and clinical studies. Pediatrics 80:555-560, 1987.
 
28. Reasoner DK, Warner DS, Todd MM, Hunt SW, Kirchner J: A comparison of anesthetic techniques for awake intubation in neurosurgical patients. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 7:94-99, 1995.
 
29. Sawin PD, Todd MM, Traynelis VC, Farrell SB, Nader A, Sato Y, Clausen JD, Goel VK: Cervical spine motion with direct laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation. An in vivo cinefluoroscopic study of subjects without cervical abnormality. Anesthesiology 85:26-36, 1996.
 
*30. Scannell G, Waxman K, Tominaga G, Barker S, Annas C: Orotracheal intubation in trauma patients with cervical fractures. Arch Surg 128:903-905, 1993.
 
31. Shatney CH, Brunner RD, Nguyen TQ: The safety of orotracheal intubation in patients with unstable cervical spine fracture or high spinal cord injury. Am J Surg 170:676-679, 1995.
 
32. Sidhu VS, Whitehead EM, Ainsworth QP, Smith M, Calder I: A technique of awake fibreoptic intubation. Experience in patients with cervical spine disease. Anesthesia 48:910-913, 1993.
 
33. Stewart RD: Tactile orotracheal intubation. Ann Emerg Med 13:175-178, 1984.
 
+34. Suderman VS, Crosby ET: Elective oral tracheal intubation in cervical spine injured adults. Can J Anaesth 38:785-789, 1991.
 
35. Talucci RC, Shaikh KA, Schwab CW: Rapid sequence induction with oral endotracheal intubation in the multiply injured patient. Am Surg 54:185-187, 1988.
 
36. Weissman BN, Aliabadi P, Weinfeld MS, Thomas WH, Sosman JL: Prognostic features of atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Radiology 144:745-751, 1982.
 
37. White AA, Johnson RM, Panjabi MM, Southwick WO: Biomechanical analysis of clinical stability in the cervical spine. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 109:85-96, 1975.
 
38. Whitley JE, Forsyth HF: The classification of cervical spine injuries. Am J Roentgenol 83:633-644, 1960.
 
*39. Wood PR, Lawler PG: Managing the airway in cervical spine injury. A review of the Advanced Trauma Life Support protocol. Anaesthesia 47:792-797, 1992.
 
40. Wright SW, Robinson GG, Wright MB: Cervical spine injuries in blunt trauma patients requiring emergent endotracheal intubation. Am J Emerg Med 10:104-109, 1992.

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